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The Scottish Supreme Courts comprising the High Court of Justiciary and the Court of Session both sit in the capital, although the former also sits in other major towns and cities. Edinburgh's international links are fostered through formal twinning agreements with eight other cities: Dunedin, Florence, Kiev, Munich, Nice, San Diego, Vancouver, and Xiangtan, while Canada, Japan, the United States, and a number of European countries maintain consulates in the city. The population has remained relatively static in recent years. From almost 446,000 in 1981, the figure dipped to 401,901 in 1991. Small annual increases have since been recorded, and in 1995 the population was estimated to be 447,600, representing about 8. 6 per cent of Scotland's population. Population 448,850 (1996 estimate). Fundamental to the well-being of Edinburgh's economy is the performance of its service industry sector, which now accounts for about 80 per cent of employment in the city (in public administration, education, medicine, finance, tourism, distribution, and transport andcommunications).Manufacturing, although still significant, is in decline. The city's principal economic strengths lie in financial services, tourism, electronics, and information technology. The importance of financial services has always been considerable in Edinburgh. The substantial increase in funds under management by Scotland's financial institutions over the past few years has strengthened the city's position as a major finance centre (second only to London in Britain, and the fourth-largest fund-management centre in the European Union). The leading financial institutions with head offices in Edinburgh, such as Standard Life, are among the city's largest private-sector employers. Edinburgh is the single most important tourist destination in Scotland, and Britain's most popular destination after London. It attracts over two million visitors a year, almost half of whom are from overseas, generating expenditure which supports about 20,000 jobs in the city. A further influx of visitors is being encouraged by the expansion of conference facilities. The construction of the Edinburgh International Conference Centre (comprising a 1,200-seat main auditorium that is divisible into three self-contained theatres) was completed in 1995. Manufacturing industry is composed chiefly of electrical and electronics engineering; paper, printing, and publishing; food and drink; and, to a lesser degree, chemical manufactures. In addition to leading companies such as Hewlett-Packard and GEC Marconi Avionics, there is a growing number of small firms in the electrical and electronics field specializing in advanced technology. Edinburgh's three universities are also at the forefront of the development of new technologies and their applications. The printing and publishing sector was well established in the city by the 16th century, while Scotch whisky constitutes one of the city's important exports.
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